{"id":24898,"date":"2015-11-05T02:51:41","date_gmt":"2015-11-05T00:51:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/?p=24898"},"modified":"2015-10-30T02:53:36","modified_gmt":"2015-10-30T00:53:36","slug":"poezia-simbolista-in-ediie-bilingva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/poezia-simbolista-in-ediie-bilingva\/","title":{"rendered":"Poezia simbolist\u0103, \u00een edi\u0163ie bilingv\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Aurel R\u0103u, Prin p\u0103durile de simboluri. Poe\u0163i simboli\u015fti francezi,<\/em> Editura Tracus Arte, Bucure\u015fti, 2014<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Poet de seam\u0103 al genera\u0163ie noastre (Al. Andri\u0163oiu, Ion Horea, Vasile Nicolescu, Aurel Gurghianu) Aurel R\u0103u \u015fi-a exersat virtu\u0163ile creatoare, vasta lui cultur\u0103, cu deosebit succes \u00een eseistic\u0103 \u015fi mai ales \u00een traduceri. Lui \u00eei dator\u0103m c\u0103r\u0163i importante din acest domeniu al poeziei, precum: Antonio Machado (1964); Gheorghios Seferis (1965; 2000); Constantin Kavafis (1971; 2006); Alexandr Blok (1972); Poe\u0163i francezi. Antologie (1987); MatsuoBash\u00f4 (1998); Victor Hugo (2003); Saint-John Perse (Opere complete, 2007).
\nA \u00eendeplinit o astfel de misiune important\u0103 \u015fi dificil\u0103, \u00een cei peste 40 de ani \u00een care a condus prestigioasa revist\u0103 Steaua, gazd\u0103 bun\u0103 pentru poezie \u015fi traduceri.
\nDe data aceasta a dat la iveal\u0103, \u00eentr-o edi\u0163ie bilingv\u0103, la prestigioasa editur\u0103 t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 Tracus Arte, cei 64 de poe\u0163i simboli\u015fti francezi, \u00eencep\u00e2nd, \u00een ordine cronologic\u0103 (data na\u015fterii), cu Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867) \u015fi sf\u00e2r\u015find cu L\u00e9on Deubel (1879-1913).
\nDespre sensul acestei munci extraordinare ne vorbe\u015fte Aurel R\u0103u \u00eentr-o Confiden\u0163\u0103 ampl\u0103, esen\u0163ial\u0103. Reproduc doar \u00eenceputul:
\n\u201e\u00cei este oferit unui cititor de poezie, ca s\u0103 ne exprim\u0103m ca-n frumoasa epoc\u0103, un buchet de flori culese, prin ani, \u00een func\u0163ie de un propriu argument, din c\u00e2mpul, vitraliile, gr\u0103dina, porturile, minele, g\u0103rile, serele, z\u0103rile simbolismului francez.
\n\u00cen op\u0163iunea pentru titlul \u015fi cuprinsul c\u0103r\u0163ii nu este uitat faptul c\u0103 \u00eentre acelea\u015fi coper\u0163i \u00ee\u015fi dau \u00eent\u00e2lnire \u015fi o bun\u0103 parte din belgienii care au participat la aceast\u0103 insurec\u0163ie de zile mari \u2013 \u00eentru o delimitare specific\u0103 a poeticului, prima dat\u0103 \u00eentr-o radicalitate \u00een istoria poeziei \u2013 prin folosirea unui aceluia\u015fi mijloc lingvistic, originar. A\u015fa cum, \u00eentr-o aceea\u015fi conjura\u0163ie de farmec, \u015fi voci venite din alte p\u0103r\u0163i \u2013 un Stuart Merrill, un Jean Mor\u00e9as, un Francis Viel\u00e9-Griffin, ca s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2nem numai la c\u00e2teva exemple.
\n\u00cen transpunerile \u00een rom\u00e2ne\u015fte a fost \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fat desigur principiul red\u0103rii formei originalului, ritm, titluri, sistem de strofe, de rime. Principiu care nu exclude ad\u00e2ncirea \u00eentr-un murmur primordial care va fi stat la baza tr\u0103irilor \u015fi viziunii \u015fi leg\u0103rii cuvintelor, imaginilor. Dimpotriv\u0103 o condi\u0163ioneaz\u0103, inclusiv cu biografia autorilor, adus\u0103 de fiecare dat\u0103 \u00eentr-un prim-plan, \u015fi cu o stare sau alta de spirit nu numai din eterne ipostaze ci \u015fi dntr-un imediat \u015fi un particular. Parc\u0103 din nou doar \u00een roiul de \u00abcoresponden\u0163e\u00bb \u00een care culorile, parfumurile, sunetele \u00ee\u015fi r\u0103spund\u201c.
\nVolumul se bucur\u0103 \u015fi de o prefa\u0163\u0103 de mare \u00eentindere \u015fi profunzime, Epoca simbolist\u0103, semnat\u0103 de scriitorul \u015fi eseistul francez Serge Fauchereau, un bun cunosc\u0103tor al literelor rom\u00e2ne (l-a tradus \u00een francez\u0103 \u015fi pe Lucian Blaga), a\u015fa cum o dovede\u015fte \u015fi finalul textului s\u0103u:
\n\u201ePe scurt, de la maghiarul Ady Endre la flamandul Karel van de Woestyne, \u00een jurul anului 1900, lumea occidental\u0103 se g\u0103sea sub imperiul simbolismului. Bine\u00een\u0163eles nu trebuie s\u0103 uit\u0103m Rom\u00e2nia. Alexandru Macedonski, fidel prieteniilor pe care \u015fi le f\u0103cuse \u00een timpul unei \u015federi la Paris, din 1884 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1886, nu prea f\u0103cea distinc\u0163ia dintre Mallarm\u00e9 \u015fi Fran\u00e7ois Copp\u00e9e, dar a fost totu\u015fi un mediator capital \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 \u0163\u0103ri. F\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 Macedonski for\u0163a nota \u00een Bronzes (1897), poeme scrise direct \u00een francez\u0103, ca \u00een Calvaire de feu (1906), un roman sinuos, care \u00eel tr\u0103da mai ales ca pe un admirator al lui P\u00e9ladan: \u00abVin de departe… dintr-o \u0163ar\u0103 unde orice artist,\/ Mimoz\u0103 ori lotus, vegeteaz\u0103 lent,\/ Unde totul e geam\u0103t \u015fi pl\u00e2ns, sumbru \u015fi trist…\u00bb \u00cen Rom\u00e2nia nu era totul chiar at\u00e2t de trist; iar Macedonski e un poet cu mult mai bun \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103. \u00cei vor urma poe\u0163ii de la Viea\u0163a Nou\u0103, o excelent\u0103 revist\u0103 bucure\u015ftean\u0103 ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een 1905, care va num\u0103ra colaboratori de calitate, cum ar fi George Bacovia \u015fi Ion Minulescu, ce-\u015fi pot spune \u00eentr-un fel simboli\u015fti. Ceva mai t\u00e2rziu, Adrian Maniu, imitator al lui Laforgue \u00een Salomeea (1915), le va atrage aten\u0163ia altor tineri, fondatori ai revistei Simbolul (1912), \u015fi care vor deveni celebri sub numele de Tristan Tzara \u015fi Ion Vinea. Pentru ei, dada \u015fi suprealismul nu exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103, dar versul lui Laforgue \u00abLa arme, cet\u0103\u0163eni, numai exist\u0103 ra\u0163iune!\u00bb \u00eei va pune pe g\u00e2nduri. L\u0103s\u00e2nd \u00een urm\u0103 simbolismul ca \u015fi al\u0163i noi veni\u0163i, pe alte meleaguri, ideea aceasta avea s\u0103-i poarte mult mai departe\u201c.
\nSubcapitolele acestui important eseu introductiv se cheam\u0103, \u00een mod inspirat: Dulci melancolii simboliste; Eroi wagnerieni \u015fi blonde frigide; Neguri \u015fi volute; Teatrul mor\u0163ii; Ticuri \u015fi falsuri; \u00cempotriva cimbalismului; Ac\u0163iune contra vis; Nu exit\u0103 proz\u0103 \u015fi Spre suprarealism.
\nChiar dac\u0103 m\u0103iestria lui Aurel R\u0103u \u00een arta traducerii a fost de mult omologat\u0103, totu\u015fi de data asta, \u00een fa\u0163a unor noi provoc\u0103ri, m-am convins c\u0103 putem merge mai departe, cu \u00eencredere \u015fi bucurie, pe autoritatea condeiului s\u0103u inspirat. Am ales, ca prob\u0103 peremptorie, dou\u0103 dintre cele mai dificile exemple de traducere a unor poeme celebre, existente \u015fi \u00een t\u0103lm\u0103cirea unor poe\u0163i ca Tudor Arghezi, Alexandru A. Philippide, Ion Frunzetti, \u015etefan Augustin Doina\u015f, C. D. Zeletin \u015fi mai ales Radu C\u00e2rneci cu a sa integral\u0103 a operei lui Baudelaire.
\nPrima prob\u0103, La G\u00e9ante-Uria\u015fa, un simbol al Geei Mama-P\u0103m\u00e2nt \u00een mitologia greac\u0103:
\n\u201eDu temps que la Nature en sa verve puissante\/ Concevait chaque jour des enfants monstreux,\/ J\u2019eusse aim\u00e9 vivre aupr\u00eas d\u2019une reine un chat voluptueux.\/\/ J\u2019eusse aim\u00e9 voir son corps fleurir avec son \u00e2me\/ Et grandir librement dans ses terribles jeux;\/ Deviner si son c\u0153ur couve une sombre flamme\/ Aux humides brouillards qui nagent dans ses yeux;\/\/ Parcourir \u00e0 loisir ses magnifiques formes;\/ Ramper sur le versant de ses genoux \u00e9normes,\/ Et parfois en \u00e9t\u00e9, quand les soleils malsains,\/\/ Lasse, la font s\u2019\u00e9tendre \u00e0 travers la campagne,\/ Dormir nonchalamment \u00e0 l\u2019ombre de ses seins,\/ Comme un hameau paisible au pied d\u2019une montagne\u201c.
\n\u201ePe vremea c\u00e2nd natura \u00een verva ei trufa\u015fe\/ N\u0103\u015ftea \u00eentruna mon\u015ftri, zi-noapte, an de an;\/ Mi-ar fi pl\u0103cut s\u0103 stau l\u00e2ng\u0103 o fat\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103,\/ Ca la piciorul unei regine un motan.\/\/ S\u0103-i v\u0103d \u00eenflorind trupul cu sufletul deodat\u0103,\/ Liber cresc\u00e2nd prin jocuri, str\u0103ine pentru noi;\/ \u015ei s\u0103 ghicesc \u00een pieptu-i cum arde-o-ntunecat\u0103\/ V\u0103paie, privind ochii-i de p\u00e2cle mari \u015fi moi;\/\/ \u015ei s\u0103-i parcurg alene magnificile forme,\/ S\u0103 m\u0103 t\u00e2r\u0103sc pe pantele coapselor enorme,\/ \u015ei-n veri, c\u00e2nd sori n\u0103praznici o fac, pe largul \u015fes,\/\/ C\u00e2t zarea s\u0103 se-ntind\u0103, vr\u00e2nd astfel s\u0103-i \u00eenfrunte,\/ S\u0103 dorm uitat la umbra ce s\u00e2nii ei o \u0163es,\/ Ca un c\u0103tun de pace la poala unui munte.\u201c
\nA doua prob\u0103 am ales-o din Paul Verlaine (1844-1896), cel c\u0103ruia \u00eei apar\u0163ine celebra exclama\u0163ie program: \u201eDe la music avant toute chose\u201c. Este vorba de melodioasa Soleils couchants- Amurguri:
\n\u201eUne aube affaiblie\/ Verse par les champs\/ La m\u00e9lancolie\/ Des soleils couchants.\/ La m\u00e9lancolie\/ Berce de doux chants\/ Mon c\u0153ur qui s\u0103oublie\/ Aux soleils couchants.\/ Et d\u0103\u00e9tranges r\u00eaves,\/ Comme des soleils\/ Couchants sur les gr\u00e8ves;\/ Fant\u00f4mes vermeils,\/ D\u00e9filent sans tr\u00eaves,\/ D\u00e9filent, pareils\/ \u00c0 des grands soleils\/ Couchants sur les gr\u00e8ves:\u201c
\n\u201eZori \u00een agonie\/ Vars\u0103 peste prunduri\/ O melancolie\/ De prelungi amurguri.\/ \u015ei melancolia\/ Leag\u0103n\u0103 c-un murmur,\/ Inima-mi, oh! \u015fi ea\/ Prin prelungi amurguri.\/ \u015ei stranii vis\u0103ri,\/ Ca \u00een sc\u0103p\u0103tare\/ Vine\u0163i sori pe m\u0103ri,\/ Spectre c\u0103l\u0103toare,\/ Trec f\u0103r\u0103-ncet\u0103ri,\/ Trec, f\u0103r\u0103-mp\u0103care,\/ Ca \u00een sc\u0103p\u0103tare\/ Vine\u0163i sori pe m\u0103ri\u201c.
\nDin lips\u0103 de spa\u0163iu, nu m\u0103 pot extinde \u015fi la alte asemenea echivalen\u0163e rom\u00e2ne\u015fti ce ni le ofer\u0103 de data asta Aurel R\u0103u. Laud\u0103, a\u015fadar ostenelilor, care, prin asemenea traduceri, parc\u0103-i amplific\u0103 volumele originale de versuri. Cele vreo 15, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu Focurile sacre, din 1956 p\u00e2na la Lucruri \u015fi stele din 2003. Sunt convins c\u0103, \u00een toamna asta, c\u00e2nd \u00eempline\u015fte \u015fi el 85 de ani, admirabilul meu coleg de tinere\u0163e literar\u0103 clujean\u0103 ne va surprinde cu o nou\u0103 carte. O a\u015ftept\u0103m cu sufletul deschis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aurel R\u0103u, Prin p\u0103durile de simboluri. Poe\u0163i simboli\u015fti francezi, Editura Tracus Arte, Bucure\u015fti, 2014 Poet de seam\u0103 al genera\u0163ie noastre (Al. Andri\u0163oiu, Ion Horea, Vasile Nicolescu, Aurel Gurghianu) Aurel R\u0103u \u015fi-a exersat virtu\u0163ile creatoare, vasta lui cultur\u0103, cu deosebit succes \u00een eseistic\u0103 \u015fi mai ales \u00een traduceri. Lui \u00eei dator\u0103m c\u0103r\u0163i importante din acest domeniu… Cite\u0219te mai mult »Poezia simbolist\u0103, \u00een edi\u0163ie bilingv\u0103<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[8],"tags":[10834,15352],"class_list":["post-24898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cultura-literara","tag-aurel-rau","tag-prin-padurile-de-simboluri"],"views":1681,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24898"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24900,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24898\/revisions\/24900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24898"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}