{"id":20246,"date":"2014-07-31T13:40:42","date_gmt":"2014-07-31T11:40:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/?p=20246"},"modified":"2014-07-31T13:40:42","modified_gmt":"2014-07-31T11:40:42","slug":"matusa-marie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/matusa-marie\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>E o femeie iute la munc\u0103, tu\u015fa M\u0103rie: nu st\u0103 o clip\u0103 locului. S-a n\u0103scut \u00eentr-un sat din comuna \u00centregalde, \u00een 1947, \u00eentr-o familie cu doi copii: dumneaei \u015fi o sor\u0103 cu doi ani mai mare. Casa p\u0103rinteasc\u0103 era una tradi\u0163ional\u0103, din lemn; fetele dormeau \u00een aceea\u015fi cas\u0103 (odaie) cu p\u0103rin\u0163ii \u2013 dar nu pe jos, cum dormeau de regul\u0103 copiii cu mul\u0163i fra\u0163i, ci \u00eentr-un pat, pe un strujac (saltea) cu umplutur\u0103 de paie. Prim\u0103vara, \u00een odaie ap\u0103reau \u015fi mieii: \u00eentre cinci \u015fi opt miei, adu\u015fi c\u00e2nd erau abia f\u0103ta\u0163i \u015fi b\u0103ga\u0163i pe sub paturile \u00eenalte.<\/strong><\/em><br \/>\nC\u00e2nd era m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie \u00een \u015fcoala elementar\u0103, p\u0103rin\u0163ii dumneaei \u00eel mituiau pe \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103tor cu unt \u015fi ca\u015f, ca s\u0103 le \u00eeng\u0103duie celor dou\u0103 surori s\u0103 lipseasc\u0103. Trebuia ca fetele s\u0103-\u015fi ajute mama, pentru c\u0103 tat\u0103l lor r\u0103m\u0103sese beti\u00e1g (beteag) din r\u0103zboi: avea o suferin\u0163\u0103 la pl\u0103m\u00e2ni (\u00een urma c\u0103reia a \u015fi murit) \u015fi nu putea s\u0103 munceasc\u0103. De la v\u00e2rsta de unsprezece ani, m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie a avut \u00een sarcin\u0103 \u00eengrijirea vacilor; suferea de singur\u0103tate \u015fi de ur\u00e2t, c\u00e2nd le p\u0103zea: \u00eempletiam la codi\u0163a aia \u2013 nu erea \u015ftrinc\u0103ni\u00e1l\u0103 (lucru de tricotat) atuncea, nu erea l\u00e2n\u0103 ca s\u0103-\u0163i dea s\u0103 ai die lucrare: c\u00e2t \u00ee\u0163i d\u0103dia \u00een zua aia, z\u00e2ua o lucram, sara o str\u00e2cam. \u00cempletiam o codi\u0163\u0103 p-aci-a\u015fa, dup-aia o despletiam p-astalant\u0103 \u2013 aveam p\u0103ru lung (&#8230;). Eream die una s\u00e2ngur\u0103 \u00eentr-o pustietatie-acolo, die&#8230; nu v\u0103 po s\u0103 v\u0103 spun. \u015ei iarna \u00eengrijea m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie vacile \u0163inute \u00eentr-un saiv\u00e1n (\u015fur\u0103) pe terenul pe care aveau ei f\u00e2nea\u0163a \u2013 h\u0103t, departe, pe un deal; preferau s\u0103 le \u0163in\u0103 iarna acolo \u015fi nu l\u00e2ng\u0103 cas\u0103, pentru c\u0103 nu mai trebuia cobor\u00e2t \u00een sat f\u00e2nul cosit (care era dus direct \u00een podul saivanului) \u015fi pentru c\u0103 acolo aveau \u015fi gr\u0103dina de legume, gunoit\u0103 cu b\u0103legar. Pe deal l\u00e2ng\u0103 saivanul vacilor aveau o colib\u0103 \u2013 \u00een care de pe la doisprezece-treisprezece ani a \u00eenceput m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie s\u0103 stea, iernile, fie cu un unchi cu care \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163eau saivanul (fratele tat\u0103lui), fie cu tat\u0103l dumneaei. F\u0103ceau focul \u015fi st\u0103teau toat\u0103 iarna acolo, de diminea\u0163a p\u00e2n\u0103 seara \u2013 ba uneori mai r\u0103m\u00e2neau \u015fi nop\u0163ile, dac\u0103 erau z\u0103pezile prea mari: ie\u015feau abia c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u015fi puteau face c\u0103rare prin n\u0103me\u0163i. \u00ce\u015fi duceau din timp la colib\u0103 provizii pentru iarn\u0103 \u015fi g\u0103teau acolo. Uneori m\u0103tu\u015fa urca singur\u0103 la saiv\u00e1n; erau iernile grele \u015fi, spune d\u00e2nsa, erea z\u0103p\u0103d\u00f3cu&#8230; iot\u0103 p\u00e2n-aici a\u015fa (arat\u0103: deasupra genunchilor), \u015fi ie\u015fam \u00een d\u00e2mb die-\u0103la, la dial, \u015f\u00ee p\u00e2n nimi\u00e9\u0163 (n\u0103me\u0163i), \u015f\u00ee c\u00e2nd ajunjeam acl\u00f3 sus, la colib\u0103, \u00eemi vinia&#8230; \u00cei era \u015fi foarte frig, pe drum: \u00eenghie\u0163a \u015ftrimfii (ciorapii de l\u00e2n\u0103) p\u0103 minie, zice \u2013 \u015fi adaug\u0103 c\u0103 acum o dor, de la frigurile acelea, un um\u0103r \u015fi picioarele. Mai erau pe deal \u015fi alte colibe, unde st\u0103teau al\u0163i oameni la vitele lor, dar tot \u00eei era ur\u00e2t. C\u00e2nd era singur\u0103, m\u0103tu\u015fa \u00ee\u015fi preg\u0103tea \u015fi m\u00e2nca but\u00edc \u2013 un fel de terci f\u0103cut dintr-un amestec de buc\u0103\u0163ele de p\u00e2ine cu pu\u0163in\u0103 br\u00e2nz\u0103, fiert \u00een ap\u0103; br\u00e2nz\u0103 punea cu chi\u015fche\u00e1l\u0103 (dr\u0103muial\u0103), c\u0103 n-avea mult\u0103. \u00cen general m\u00e2ncarea \u2013 mai ales carnea \u2013 era \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163it\u0103 cu dr\u0103muial\u0103 \u015fi \u0163inut\u0103 \u00eentr-un loc la care nu puteau ajunge fetele. Erea podu cu grind\u0103, poveste\u015fte m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie, \u015f-aveam poli\u0163\u0103-acolo sus, a\u015fa. \u015e\u00ee&#8230; nu nie d\u0103dia m\u00e2ncarea cu&#8230; s\u0103 m\u00e2nci \u2013 \u00f3i, die minie, D\u00f3mnie&#8230; Pe poli\u0163a aceea era pus\u0103 m\u00e2ncarea, \u00eentr-un l\u00e1bo\u015f die bedi\u00fag (oal\u0103 de tuci).<br \/>\nTimp de mul\u0163i ani a fost m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie pus\u0103 \u00een munc\u0103, \u00eenainte de a se m\u0103rita: la vaci, la oi, la gospod\u0103rie, la coas\u0103, la f\u00e2n sau la s\u00e9cere; a fost \u015fi la p\u0103dure, la degaj\u0103ri (la cur\u0103\u0163at p\u0103durea de cloambe \u2013 cr\u0103ci mari) sau la plantat puie\u0163i. A\u015fa am fo\u2019 die chinuit\u0103&#8230;, ofteaz\u0103, aduc\u00e2ndu-\u015fi aminte. La v\u00e2rsta de dou\u0103zeci de ani s-a m\u0103ritat. B\u0103rbatul dumneaei, care mai fusese \u00eensurat o dat\u0103, era cu paisprezece ani mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 dec\u00e2t d\u00e2nsa \u015fi era c\u0103uaci (fierar). \u00cenv\u0103\u0163ase meseria aceasta \u00een armata f\u0103cut\u0103 timp de trei ani \u015fi jum\u0103tate la Petro\u015fani; pe atunci solda\u0163ii \u00eenv\u0103\u0163au \u00een stagiul militar meserii utile armatei, iar d\u00e2nsul a f\u0103cut armata pentru c\u0103oc\u00ede (fier\u0103rie).<br \/>\nDup\u0103 nunt\u0103, nie mutar\u0103m, spune tu\u015fa M\u0103rie. La \u00eenceput, c\u00e2t \u00eenc\u0103 nu le era terminat\u0103 casa, au locuit \u00eentr-o coni\u00fa\u0163\u0103 (buc\u0103t\u0103rie de var\u0103, c\u00f3nie) ca cele pe care le au mocanii pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 case; este de regul\u0103 o construc\u0163ie autonom\u0103 \u2013 o c\u0103su\u0163\u0103 de lemn, foarte mic\u0103, av\u00e2nd func\u0163ia principal\u0103 de coptor\u00ede (acolo de obicei se afl\u0103 un cuptor de pit\u0103 din lut, de forma unei semisfere cu diametrul de circa doi metri). C\u00e2nd m\u0103tu\u015fa a n\u0103scut primul copil, \u00eenc\u0103 mai locuiau \u00een coni\u00fa\u0163a aceea, v\u0103c\u0103lit\u0103 (tencuit\u0103) numai cu p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi av\u00e2nd p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi pe jos; c\u00e2nd l-a n\u0103scut pe al doilea, erau deja muta\u0163i \u00een casa cea nou\u0103.<br \/>\nCa femeie m\u0103ritat\u0103 m\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie a cosit, a arat, a secerat \u015fi a \u00eembl\u0103tit; aveau \u015fi holde (lanuri de gr\u00e2u), \u015fi oi multe. B\u0103rbatul \u00eei era ocupat cu c\u0103oc\u00eda: f\u0103cea potcoave \u015fi potcovea p\u00e2n\u0103 la patru-cinci perechi de boi pe zi, apoi venea s\u0103 o ajute la treburi. Dar \u015fi m\u0103tu\u015fa \u00eel ajuta pe dumnealui \u00een sezonul muncilor cu boii, c\u00e2nd avea mult de lucru \u015fi nu dovedea singur. Dac\u0103 eu \u00ee\u0163 spuiu, zice m\u0103tu\u015fa, dac\u0103 nu b\u0103tiam la potcoave al\u0103turea cu el, c\u0103 vinia boii die la lunc\u0103, \u015f\u00ee nie sculam die noaptie \u2013 \u015f\u00ee nu erea curi\u00e9nt, \u00eel f\u0103ceai die-\u0103la, cu&#8230; picioru, a\u015fa (ca s\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e3lzi \u015fieru\u2019 \u2013 fierul; aveau f\u00f3iu \u2013 foale). Se trezeau pe la dou\u0103-trei noaptea, \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 diminea\u0163a (c\u00e2nd \u00ee\u015fi aduceau oamenii boii la potcovit) f\u0103ceau \u015fi c\u00e2te trei perechi de potcoave \u2013 pe care le g\u0103urea d\u00e2nsa cu g\u0103uritoriu \u0103la, uite-a\u015fa, nii. Dup\u0103 moartea b\u0103rbatului m\u0103tu\u015fii, ginerele dumneaei a preluat c\u0103ocia \u2013 \u00eens\u0103 nu are \u00eenc\u0103 experien\u0163\u0103 \u015fi nu le face pe toate at\u00e2t de repede pe c\u00e2t le f\u0103cea socrul lui.<br \/>\nM\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie locuie\u015fte cu fiica d\u00e2nsei, cu ginerele \u015fi cu nepotul. Au un grajd pe un deal, unde \u00ee\u015fi \u0163in cele cinci vaci iarna \u2013 c\u00e2nd m\u0103tu\u015fa merge la ele de dou\u0103 ori pe zi s\u0103 le mulg\u0103, s\u0103 le hr\u0103neasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 le adape. C\u00e2te dou\u0103 ore trec de fiecare dat\u0103, de c\u00e2nd pleac\u0103 la vaci \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd se \u00eentoarce \u2013 \u00een total, patru ore pe zi, \u015fie iarn\u0103, \u015fie jer, bat c\u00f3sta (fie iarn\u0103, fie ger, bat coasta), zice. Vara duce vacile \u00een munte \u015fi urc\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori pe zi acolo, s\u0103 le mulg\u0103.<br \/>\nFoile die p\u0103ri\u00e9tie (covoarele de perete) erau cump\u0103rate de mamele nanelor de ast\u0103zi din t\u00e2rguri, pentru c\u0103 femeile \u00eenc\u0103 nu \u00eenv\u0103\u0163aser\u0103 s\u0103 \u0163eas\u0103 covoare; primele care au \u015ftiut s\u0103 fac\u0103 asta au fost femeile ast\u0103zi \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 \u2013 spune nana Aurelia. \u00cens\u0103 mamele nanelor de azi \u0163eseau cu m\u0103iestrie modelele mai mici \u2013 a\u015fadar mai mig\u0103loase \u2013 ale c\u0103me\u015filor \u015fi ale chindi\u00e9ielor (\u015ftergarelor) moc\u0103ne\u015fti, me\u015fte\u015fug pe care l-au transmis fetelor lor. Astfel \u00eenarmate, fetele, odat\u0103 devenite femei, au deprins cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi tainele \u0163esutului covoarelor cu trandafiri ro\u015fii, mari \u2013 \u015fi mai apoi s-au \u00eentrecut, care mai de care, s\u0103 le fac\u0103 mai frumoase. M\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie \u2013 n\u0103scut\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu dec\u00e2t primele \u0163es\u0103toare de covoare \u2013 a \u0163esut \u015fi d\u00e2nsa foi die p\u0103ri\u00e9tie, pe care le f\u0103cea \u00een o sut\u0103 \u015f\u00ee dou\u0103z\u0103j die i\u0163\u00fa\u015fi. A \u0163esut mult, nu doar covoare, ci \u015fi chindi\u00e9ie, pre\u015furi \u015fi multe altele \u2013 \u015fi \u00eenc\u0103 mai \u0163ese: Ap\u0103i p\u00e2n\u0103 m\u0103i pociu, m\u0103i \u0163\u0103s, zice. \u00cen septembrie 2013 avea, lucra\u0163i de d\u00e2nsa, treizeci \u015fi doi de metri de pre\u015f \u0163esut \u015fi \u00eenc\u0103 pe-at\u00e2\u0163ia metri urzi\u0163i. A cusut \u015fi multe decora\u0163iuni de u\u015f\u0103 \u2013 dintre cele care \u00eempodobesc casele tradi\u0163ionale moc\u0103ne\u015fti: chindi\u00e9ie (\u015ftergare), c\u00e2te unul lung p\u00e2n\u0103 la podea de fiecare parte a u\u015fii (adic\u0103 din elea p\u0103 tocurle u\u015f\u00ee\u00ee la vale) \u015fi, pus orizontal deasupra u\u015fii, un altul numit draperie. Primele \u0163es\u0103toare de covoare au fost \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi ultimele: tinerele (ca, de pild\u0103, fiica m\u0103tu\u015fii M\u0103rie) au b\u0103gat \u00een saci munca mamelor lor \u015fi au dus sacii \u00een pod. \u00cei e necaz m\u0103tu\u015fii: at\u00e2ta mni-s die f\u00e1inie, zice, \u015f\u00ee c\u00e2t am muncit io cu ele&#8230; M\u0103car e mul\u0163umit\u0103 c\u0103 pre\u015furile la care a trudit au c\u0103utare: fiica dumneaei vrea s\u0103 le pun\u0103&#8230; \u00een mansard\u0103, unde nu-i m\u0103i tr\u0103b\u0103 covor, nu-i m\u0103i tr\u0103b\u0103 nimica, ci vrea s\u0103-\u015f puie numa pre\u015furi acolo, c\u0103 o z\u00e2s c\u0103 a\u015fa-i moda acuma.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>E o femeie iute la munc\u0103, tu\u015fa M\u0103rie: nu st\u0103 o clip\u0103 locului. S-a n\u0103scut \u00eentr-un sat din comuna \u00centregalde, \u00een 1947, \u00eentr-o familie cu doi copii: dumneaei \u015fi o sor\u0103 cu doi ani mai mare. Casa p\u0103rinteasc\u0103 era una tradi\u0163ional\u0103, din lemn; fetele dormeau \u00een aceea\u015fi cas\u0103 (odaie) cu p\u0103rin\u0163ii \u2013 dar nu pe&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/matusa-marie\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Cite\u0219te mai mult &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">M\u0103tu\u015fa M\u0103rie<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[11945,9639,10136],"class_list":["post-20246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-mozaic","tag-femeia-in-satul-romanesc","tag-satul-romanesc","tag-societatea-rurala"],"views":1499,"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20246"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20246\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20246"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20246"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistacultura.ro\/nou\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}